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BENGALURU: A 32-year-old techie-turned-musician strummed the guitar on the operation table while surgeons "burned" his brain to correct a neurological disorder. The seven-hour surgery at a city hospital last week relieved the youth of musician's dystonia, a condition that cramped three fingers on his left hand

UIDAI Launches mAadhaar, An App That Lets You Carry Aadhaar On Mobile

Top 10 emerging technologies of 2017

1. Liquid biopsies

Liquid biopsies mark a step forward in the fight against cancer. First, they are an alternative where traditional tissue-based biopsies are not possible. Second, they provide a full spectrum of information compared to tissue samples, which only reflect the information available in the sample. Lastly, by homing in on circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA), genetic material that routinely finds its way from cancer cells into the bloodstream, disease progression or resistance to treatment can be spotted much faster than otherwise relying on symptoms or imaging.

2. Harvesting clean water from air

The ability to extract clean water from air is not new, however existing techniques require high moisture levels and a lot of electricity. This is changing. A team from MIT and University of California, Berkeley has successfully tested a process using porous crystals that convert the water using no energy at all. Another approach, by a start-up called Zero Mass Water from Arizona is able to produce 2-5 litres of water a day based on an off-grid solar system.

3. Deep learning for visual tasks

Computers are beginning to recognize images better than humans. Thanks to deep learning, an emerging field of artificial intelligence, computer-vision technologies are increasingly being used in applications as diverse as driving autonomous vehicles, medical diagnostics, damage assessment for insurance claims and monitoring of water levels and crop yield.

4. Liquid fuels from sunshine

Can we mimic the humble leaf to create an artificial photosynthesis to generate and store energy? The prospects are looking increasingly positive. The answer lies in using sunlight-activated catalysts to split water molecules into water and hydrogen, and then using the same hydrogen to convert CO2 into hydrocarbons. Such a closed system - wherein CO2 emitted by combustion is then transformed back into fuel instead of the atmosphere - could prove to be revolutionary for the solar and wind industries.

5. The Human Cell Atlas

An international collaboration aimed at deciphering the human body, called the Human Cell Atlas, was launched in October 2016. The project, backed by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative aims to identify every cell type in every tissue; learn exactly which genes, proteins and other molecules are active in each type and the processes which control that activity; determine where the cells are located exactly; how the cells normally interact with one another, and what happens to the body’s functioning when genetic or other aspects of a cell undergo change, among other things. The end product will be an invaluable tool for improving and personalizing health care.

6. Precision farming

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is providing farmers with a new set of tools to boost crop yield and quality while reducing water and chemical use. Sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software are all being used to customize the care that plants need. While the prospect of using drones to capture plant health in real time may be some way off for most of the world’s farmers, low-tech techniques are coming online too. Salah Sukkarieh, of the University of Sydney, for instance, has demonstrated a streamlined, low-cost monitoring system in Indonesia that relies on solar power and cell phones.

7. Affordable catalysts for green vehicles

Progress is being made on a promising zero-emission technology, the hydrogen-fed fuel cell. Progress to date has been stymied by the high price of catalysts which contain platinum. However, much progress has been made reducing reliance on this rare and expensive metal, and the latest developments involve catalysts that include no platinum, or in some cases no metal at all.

8. Genomic vaccines

Vaccines based on genes are superior to more conventional ones in a number of ways. They are faster to manufacture for one thing, which is crucial at times of a violent outbreak. Compared to manufacturing proteins in cell cultures or eggs, producing genetic material should also be simpler and less expensive. A genomics-based approach to vaccines also enables more rapid adaptation in the event of a pathogen mutating, and finally allows scientists to identify people who are resistant to a pathogen, isolate the antibodies that provide that protection, and design a gene sequence that will induce a person’s cells to produce those antibodies.

9. Sustainable design of communities

Applying green construction to multiple buildings at once has the potential to revolutionize the amount of energy and water we consume. Sending locally-generated solar power to a smart microgrid could reduce electricity consumption by half and reduce carbon emissions to zero if a project currently under development at the University of California at Berkeley Goes to plan. Meanwhile, the same project’s plan to re-design water systems so that waste water from toilets and drains is treated and re-used on site, with rainwater diverted to toilets and washers, could cut demand for potable water by 70%.

10. Quantum computing

Quantum computers’ almost limitless potential has only ever been matched by the difficulty and cost of their construction. Which explains why today the small ones that have been built have not yet managed to exceed the power of supercomputers. But progress is being made and in 2016 the technology firm IBM provided the public access to the first quantum computer in the cloud. This has already led to more than 20 academic papers being published using the tool and today more than 50 start-ups and large corporations worldwide are focused on making quantum computing a reality. With such progress behind us, the word on people’s lips now is “Quantum Ready.”

Who is your Hero??

Top 10 Bizarre And Rare Types Of Twins

I dedicate this topic to my sister, who is going to receive twins soon and i hope and pray everything goes well :)

When the question, “Are they twins?” is answered with a yes, you can pretty much guarantee that the next question will be, “Fraternal or identical?” We like to place people into categories, and there is no easier way to do that than by keeping it to as few options as possible. But the real world is a much more complex place, and when it comes to twins , there are many more options than simply A or B.

10 Superfetation 

The purpose of a woman’s reproductive cycle is quite simple: to get pregnant So, when that goal has been achieved, the body stops dropping eggs and shifts its attention to nurturing the fetus. This usually happens within ten days of getting pregnant, meaning that unless multiple eggs were dropped, you are probably as pregnant as you are going to get. Probably.

Superfetation is the phenomenon of a woman getting pregnant when she is already pregnant. With only ten recorded cases of superfetation in human history, to describe it as rare would be an understatement. What makes superfetation so rare is that it requires the body to “malfunction” in two very specific ways. Firstly, the uterus has to remain open for longer than the usual ten days in order to allow a second egg in.On top of that, the second egg must drop much sooner than expected. It is usually one egg every 28 days, but this can vary. Even if both of these things do happen, the woman still has to go through all the usual motions of getting pregnant.

The biggest risk with superfetation is that the second baby will be born prematurely when the  mother goes into labor with the first child, but since the children are conceived within weeks of each other, this is not a major issue. In fact, the likelihood is that this has happened more than we realize, but that the parents simply assume the twins are not identical.

9 Heteropaternal Superfecundation

Heteropaternal Superfecundation is a rare type of twins, not so much because of the genetic factors involved, but because of the mating habits of humans. This occurs when a woman has dropped two eggs, which are then fertilized by different men.Needless to say, it is usually, if not always, unintentional, such as in this case. we previously examined, but it would be much more common if we were less monogamous as a species.


Heteropaternal Superfecundation is actually quite common in other species, such as cats, where the mother simply wants to have as many babies as she can. Taking as many partners as possible will maximize the chances that any eggs dropped will be fertilized, and if dad is not hanging around to help anyway, it doesn’t really matter who the father is. This explains why a litter of cats can vary so much in patterns and color, and also contributes to the fact that in breeding between animals is less of a risk, as there is a greater genetic variance between relatives than in humans.

8 Turner Twins

The sex of identical twins is as random as it would be with any normal pregnancy. During conception an X or Y chromosome from the sperm fuses with the X chromosome from the egg, producing either XY (male) or XX (female). So when an egg is fertilized, the sex is determined immediately, and the egg later splits up into two children of the same sex.

However, an unrelated medical condition can cause identical twins to be born different sexes. Mosaic Turner Syndrome is when a developing fetus loses its second chromosome early on in development due to genetic abnormalities. Such people are classified as X0, and since there is no Y chromosome there to make them male, they end up female. When born, the twins will simply look like opposite-sex fraternal twins, although women with Turner Syndrome will have developmental and reproductive issues as she grows, meaning the phenomenon is usually identified eventually. Touchingly, the fact that there is another fetus in the womb gives the one with MTS a better chance of survival.^[3]

7 Semi-Identical Twins

Identical twins form when a sperm penetrates an egg, and in the early stages of development, the egg splits in two. Since it was the same sperm and the same egg, the result is that their genetic makeup is identical. Although different sperm can carry different genetic information, once an egg has been fertilized, it cannot be fertilized a second time. But what if two sperm managed to break their way into the egg at literally the exact same moment?
This is known as semi-identical twinning, and it was first documented in 2007.^[4] This case first came to the doctor’s attention when it was discovered that one-half of a pair of twins was a hermaphrodite. Upon closer inspection, it transpired that two sperm from the same man had penetrated the one egg simultaneously, in the most literal sense of the word. This usually results in an unsuccessful pregnancy, although there have been cases where these fetuses have been carried to term. In the 2007 case, however, things went a step further, and the egg split in two. This resulted in each twin getting a little bit of genetics from each sperm, making them half-fraternal and half-identical.

6 Polar Body Twins

Also known as half-identical twins, polar body twins are a theoretical form of twins that have never actually been documented by science.^[5] However, there really is nothing preventing this from occurring; it would just require constant observation during conception to confirm.
The theory states that polar body twins form when an egg drops and then splits in two. The smaller of the two new eggs is referred to as the polar body, which rarely survives due to a lack of cytoplasm, which is every part of a cell excluding the nucleus. There is no reason a polar body could not be fertilized and carried to term; it would just be more of a struggle as there is less material to work with. If both the primary and polar body were fertilized, the result would be half-identical twins, which would share 75 percent of their genetics, as opposed to the usual 50 percent seen in fraternal twins.

5 Mirror-Image Twins

Mirror-Image twins are without a doubt the most common type of rare twins, with an estimated 1 in 4 pairs of identical twins being classed as such. They are also considerably easier to spot than many of the other entries on this list, so much so that it would be near impossible not to notice if you met a pair.
As you may have guessed, mirror-image twins are those who are opposites of each other.^[6] One is left-handed, the other, right; their hair will swirl in the opposite direction; even genetic physical defects will appear on opposite sides. This occurs when the egg splits between the 7 and 12 day mark. Any later, and the twins would likely be conjoined. Any earlier, and they would just be boring old identical twins.

4 Mixed Chromosome Twins

Mixed chromosome twins are rare, but the truth is, we don’t really know how rare. This is because, unlike most twins, there is only one baby at the end of the journey. So how can they be a twin? Well, we know that identical twins occur when a fertilized egg splits in two, but what if this process were reversed, and two fertilized eggs merged? Then we would get mixed chromosome twins, otherwise known as chimeras.
Chimeras can form in a few ways, such as a viable embryo absorbing one that fails. In the case of mixed chromosome twins, they start out as a set of fraternal twins, but early on in the pregnancy, the two fertilized eggs merge into one, resulting in a person with two distinct sets of DNA. This is often unnoticeable without extensive DNA testing. Other times, chimeras will have very distinct features, such as chequered skin with different tones. The different sets of DNA, which can even be different sexes, will be located in various parts of the body, so a test from your blood could turn up different results to a swab from your mouth. Two women in the US almost lost custody of their children after failing DNA tests,^[7] with the most recent woman, Lydia Fairchild, being dubbed “her own twin.”

3 Parasitic Twins

Parasitic twins are a form of conjoined twins, which occur when a fertilized egg fails to split properly. Unlike conjoined twins, where two distinct people with separate sets of consciousness are joined together, a parasitic twin is smaller, not fully formed, and is not a conscious being.^[8]
Parasitic twins can develop anywhere on the body and can come in a variety of forms, from a small, indistinct lump, to a second (defunct) head, and even extra limbs growing out of different parts of the body. In some cases, removing the parasite can be quite straightforward, while in others, attempting to do so could be life-threatening or simply impossible.

2 Biracial Twins

Biracial twins, meaning twins that are each a different race as opposed to both being mixed-race, can happen in three ways. The first is when two parents of different ethnicities have fraternal twins, which we have discussed before. Quite simply, one twin takes after the father, while the other takes after the mother. The second is Heteropaternal Superfecundation, where at least two of the parents are different races. For example, if a white woman was with an Asian man and a white man, one baby will definitely be white, while the other could appear white, Asian, or mixed-race.
The third way it can occur is if two mixed-race people have fraternal twins, which is how a pair of twin girls in the UK were born different ethnicities.^[9] In that case, two half-white, half-black parents had a set of twins, with one picking up all the white features, and the other picking up the black features. This is another example of something that would not be too uncommon if our mating habits were different. With more and more interracial relationships occurring these days, instances of biracial fraternal twins will inevitably become increasingly more common as time goes on, as each child’s genetic makeup is essentially a roll of the die completely unrelated to the egg floating next to it.

1 Heteromaternal Twins

We have established that twins can have different fathers, but it turns out they can technically have different mothers too. There has only been one instance of this, in 2007, and it really was the mother of all coincidences. After struggling for 12 years to conceive a second child, the Bernabas decided to undergo both IVF and surrogacy. Against all odds, the fertilized eggs took hold in both women, meaning that Mrs. Bernaba and her surrogate, Ms. Keay, were each carrying one-half of a pair of fraternal twins.^[10]
Even more shocking is the fact that when Mrs. Bernaba delivered her child by C-section on May 27, her husband was told not to get too comfortable with baby Lauren just yet, as Ms. Keay had gone into labor in the next room. Soon after, still on the same day, baby Hannah was delivered. While this remains the only case of its kind so far, the increasing popularity and variety of fertility treatments, such as three-parent children, means nobody can say for sure what the future will consider normal.

Ban on cow slaughter, check how government and gow rakhshaks failed to take care of cows

People around you

Terrorism has no place in islam

25 Horrifying Things Found Living Inside A Human Body

25

Botfly larvae in eye

Everybody has experienced the uncomfortable feeling of having a bug in the eye. Usually, after a bit of winking and tearing up, you just remove it and off you go. But what happened to a 5-year-old boy in Honduras is much worse. Actually, it’s a real nightmare. A botfly, a parasitic insect, not only got into his eye, but it even laid eggs. The larvae had to be removed surgically.

24

Squid spermatophores in mouth

After eating a partially cooked squid at a local restaurant, a 63-year-old South Korean woman felt like something was spreading in her mouth. Since this strange sensation persisted, she decided to visit a doctor. To her astonishment, the doctor found small white spindle-shaped bug-like organisms called spermatophores in her mouth.

23

57 maggots

A 92 year-old woman was found with not one, not two, but 57 maggots inside her ear! Medics treating her believe that a fly crawled into her ear and laid eggs which hatched into something straight out of a nightmare. And what’s worse, the maggots had apparently been inside her ear for two to three days before they were found!

22

Fly maggots in ear

If you thought 57 maggots was a bit much, you’re out of luck. A man in India visited a hospital complaining about a pain in his ear. After the doctor examined his ear, he found hundreds of larvae feeding on the man´s flesh. If the maggots hadn’t been removed, they could have burrowed into the man´s brain and killed him.

21

Pea plant in lungs

When Ronan Svedan from Massachusetts experienced a persistent cough, he suspected a tumor to be the cause. But when he went to the hospital, to everybody´s amazement, the X-ray and other laboratory tests showed a small pea plant inside his lungs.

20

Fir tree in lung

When 28-year-old Artyom Sidorkin from Russia complained of an extreme pain in his chest, doctors feared it was a tumor. But when they operated on him, they found a 5 cm (2 inches) long fir tree growing in his lung. It’s believed that Sidorkin inhaled a fir seed while training in the woods with the army.

19

Fully formed dandelion

Pea plants and pine trees are not the only plants itching to grown roots in our bodies, a young girl from Beijing was host to a “fully-formed dandelion” inside her ear.

18

Fish in a bladder

A little, 2 cm (0.8 inch) long fish got into an Indian boy’s penis when he was cleaning his fish tank. According to Professors Vezhaventhan and Jeyaraman, who treated the boy (and later wrote a paper on it), after it entered his urethra, it made it all the way up to the bladder where it had to be surgically removed. Um…ouch?

17

Fish in lungs

Another boy from India complained about breathing problems after playing with his friends in a river. Much to the doctor’s surprise, a 9 cm (3.5 inch) long fish was found in the boy’s lung. The seemingly mysterious case was quickly solved when the boy told the doctors he was playing the “swallow a live fish” game which was apparently very popular among local kids.

16

Eel in bladder

The odds of a fish finding your penis and making it all the way to your bladder are higher than you might think. In 2011, a Chinese man was having a bath with little eels that were supposed to nibble the dead skin off his body but he ended up just like the poor boy from India. However, there was a difference. While the Indian boy´s fish was just 2 cm (0.8 inch) long, the eel that entered the Chinese man´s bladder measured 15 cm (6 inches).

15

Eel in intestine

Having eels mistakenly travel into your body is one thing, but purposely putting one inside you, is another story. After viewing a pornographic movie, a Chinese man put a live, 50 cm (20 inches) long eel right into his anus. Trying desperately to escape, the poor creature chewed through the man´s colon, perforated his large intestine, and became stuck in his body cavity. Doctors managed to remove the eel but the man ended up suffering from severe internal bleeding.

14

Bugs in scalp

In 2007, a man from Colorado had a terrible itch in his scalp. Although he tried all kinds of special shampoos, ointments and other products, the itching got worse and worse until it turned into unbearable pain. When doctors finally examined his scalp, they found botfly magots, each about the size of a penny.

13

Tapeworm in intestines

Tapeworms are long parasitic creatures frequently found in human intestines where they can live for up to an incredible 25 years. On average, tapeworms found in humans are several meters long with the longest tapeworm ever found inside a human body measuring 25 meters (82 feet) long.

12

Worm in brain

Finding a parasitic worm in a human body is disturbing enough but if the worm is discovered burrowing in your brain, that’s just absolute madness. But as revolting as this may sound, that’s exactly what happened to a 50-year-old Chinese man. After experiencing severe headaches, the man went to a hospital where doctors discovered a rare species of tapeworm known as Spirometra erinaceieuropaei in his brain.

11

Worm in eye

As if worms in your brain aren’t bad enough, in 2010, John Matthews from Iowa was complaining about hazy vision and seeing strange dark spots. After visiting his ophthalmologist, Matthews discovered that he had a parasitic worm in his eye that was eating away at his retina.

10

Worms in kidney

Last worm story, we promise. In November 2014, a 76-year-old woman from the Czech Republic complained of severe gut pains and blood in her urine. When doctors examined her, they found two worms about 10 centimeters (4 inches) long feeding on her kidney. It’s believed that the worms got into her body after she ate a fish that had not been properly cooked.

9

Moth and tick in ear

An unknown man from the US had to deal with the unfortunate coincidence of having both a tick and a moth alive inside the same ear. Fortunately, his friends managed to remove both creatures with a pair of tweezers.

8

Cricket in ear

An unidentified man from India found an almost 8 centimeter (3 inches) long live cricket inside his ear. OUCH! Doctors managed to remove the cricket with a pair of tiny tweezers.

7

Cockroach in ear

But wait, if you think a cricket in your ear is gross, think again. When Hendrik Helmer from Australia was experiencing unbearable pain in his ear, he thought a spider had gotten inside. But he was wrong. It wasn’t a spider but a 2.5 cm (1 inch) long cockroach. After an unsuccessful attempt to vacuum out the invader, Helmer had to visit a doctor who eventually removed the cockroach with a pair of tweezers.

6

Spider in ear

What Hendrik Helmer only thought was in his ear, actually came true in the case of Katie Melua, a Georgian-British singer. For a week, Melua was experiencing strange noises and feelings in her ear. When doctors examined her they found a little jumping spider dwelling in the singer´s ear canal. After the doctor removed the spider via a suction device, Melua decided to set the arachnid free in her garden.

5

Mrs. Lee and the hairy spider.

Ms. Melua got off easy, in August 2012 a Mrs. Lee checked into a hospital complaining that her ear was itchy. After looking inside, doctors discovered a decently sized, 4-eyed, fur-covered, and barbed-feet spider that had apparently crawled into Lee’s ear for shelter five days earlier.

4

Spider in stomach

Speaking of spiders, after Australian Dylan Maxwell returned home from his holiday on the Indonesian island of Bali, he found a strange red scar-like trail leading from his navel up to his chest. He originally thought something had bitten him but when he went to a hospital, the shocked doctors found out the trail was burrowed by a little tropical spider that got in his body and survived there for several days.

3

Amoeba in nose

Also known as the “brain-eating amoeba”, naegleria fowleri is a free-living, thermophilic excavate form of protist found in warm fresh water such as ponds, lakes, rivers, and hot springs. In humans, the amoeba enters the central nervous system through the nose, from where it migrates to the cranium and eventually to brain. Once there, it starts eating the brain cells, causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a disease with a fatality rate of greater than 95%.

2

Teratoma

This thing is neither an animal, nor a plant but it can be regarded as a living thing in a way. Colloquially known as “The Monster Tumor”, the teratoma is a very specific type of tumor with tissue or organ components resembling normal derivatives of more than one germ layer. The tumors have been reported to contain hair, teeth, bone and sometimes even more complex organs such as eyes, torsos or limbs. Allegedly, there have even been cases of the teratoma trying to possess the host and attack its brain.

1

Your own twin

Probably one of the most disturbing things to live inside a person’s body is their own twin. In June 1999 Sanju Bhagat discovered that his abnormally sized belly was not due to a lack of an exercise routine, but rather his twin parasitically living off of him. The horrifying operation involved removing this half formed creature which had even developed hands and feet.